spl_classes
The SQLite manual mentions that queries are done in a case-sensitive way, this means your query must be the correct case. It also mentions that using the "LIKE" operator will do a case-insensitive selection. This is true, but this also introduces wildcard symbols which a user could enter without getting filtered by the SQLite escape function. I'm somewhat new to SQL and I didn't think of doing this before, even after looking for a decent way to do case-insensitive queries.
For case-insensitive queries, simply use the built in "lower" function.
<?php
// ...
$name = 'bARbarA';
$rows = $db->arrayQuery('select * from blah where lower(name) = lower(\''.sqlite_escape_string($name).'\');');
// $rows might contain an entry for "Barbara" now.
?>
CXLIX. SQLite
Introdução
Esta é uma extensão para SQLite Embeddable SQL Database Engine. SQLite é uma biblioteca C que implementa um banco de dados SQL embutido. Programas que usam a biblioteca SQLite podem ter acesso a banco de dados SQL sem executar um processo RDBMS separado.
SQLite não é uma biblioteca de cliente usada para conectar com um grande servidor de banco de dados. SQLite é o servidor. A biblioteca SQLite lê e escreve diretamente para e do arquivo do banco de dados no disco.
Nota: Para maiores informações veja o Website do SQLite. (http://sqlite.org/).
Instalação
Leia o arquivo INSTALL, o qual vem com o pacote. Ou use o instalador PEAR com "pear install sqlite". O SQLite em si esta incluído, você não precisa instalar nenhum programa adicional.
Usuários do Windows devem baixar a versão DLL da extensão SQLite aqui: (php_sqlite.dll).
No PHP 5, a extensão SQLite e a engine são distribuidas juntos e é compilado por padrão.
Dependências
Para ter estas funções disponíveis, você deve compilar o PHP com suporte ao SQLite, ou carregar a extenção SQLite dinamicamente do seu php.ini.
Tipos Resource
Exitem dois recursos usados no SQLite. O primeiro é a conexão com o banco de dados e o segundo é o conjunto de resultados.
Constantes Pré-definidas
As funções sqlite_fetch_array() e sqlite_current() usam uma constante para os diferentes tipos de matrizes de resultado:
Tabela 1. Constantes de busca do SQLite
| constante | o que faz |
|---|---|
| SQLITE_ASSOC | As colunas são retornadas na matriz tendo o nome do campo como índice. |
| SQLITE_BOTH | As colunas são retornadas na matriz tendo ambos índices, numérico e o nome do campo. |
| SQLITE_NUM | As colunas são retornadas na matriz tendo um índice numérico para os campos. Este índice começa no 0, o primeiro campo no resultado. |
Configurações em execução
O comportamento dessas funções podem ser modificado pelas configurações do php.ini.
Para maiores detalhes e definição das constantes PHP_INI_* veja ini_set().
Breve descrição das diretivas de configuração.
- sqlite.assoc_case int
Aonde usar maiúsculas/minúsculas juntas (0), maiúsculas (1) ou minúsculas (2) nos índices.
Esta opção é útil principalmente quando você necessita compatibilidade com outros sistemas de banco de dados, aonde os nomes das colunas são sempre retornados como maiúsculas ou minúsculas, sem importar como estão os nomes atualmente no banco de dados.
A biblioteca SQLite retorna os nomes das colunas na sua letra atual ( que é o usado ao criar a tabela ). Quando sqlite.assoc_case for 0 a letra atual vai ser preservada. Quando for 1 ou 2, o PHP irá converter para maiúsculas ou minúsculas, respectivamente.
O uso desta opção incorre em uma pequena penalidade de performance, mas é MUITO mais rápido do que você faze-lo no script PHP.
- Índice
- sqlite_array_query -- Executa uma query ao banco de dados e retorna uma matriz
- sqlite_busy_timeout -- Define o tempo de espera quando o banco de dados estiver ocupado
- sqlite_changes -- Retorna o número de linhas que foram alteradas pela SQL mais recente.
- sqlite_close -- Fecha um banco de dados SQLite que esteja aberto.
- sqlite_column -- Retorna uma coluna da linha atual do conjunto de resultados.
- sqlite_create_aggregate -- Registra uma função agregada UDF para usar em SQLs
- sqlite_create_function -- Registra uma Função Definida pelo Usuário (UDF) para usar em SQL.
- sqlite_current -- Retorna a linha atual do resultado como uma matriz.
- sqlite_error_string -- Retorna a descrição textual de um código de erro
- sqlite_escape_string -- Escapa uma string para ser usada como um parâmetro em uma query
- sqlite_exec -- Executes a result-less query against a given database
- sqlite_factory -- Opens a SQLite database and returns a SQLiteDatabase object
- sqlite_fetch_all -- Fetches all rows from a result set as an array of arrays
- sqlite_fetch_array -- Obtém a próxima linha de um resultado como uma matriz.
- sqlite_fetch_column_types -- Return an array of column types from a particular table
- sqlite_fetch_object -- Fetches the next row from a result set as an object
- sqlite_fetch_single -- Retorna o resultado da primeira coluna como string.
- sqlite_fetch_string -- Apelido para sqlite_fetch_single()
- sqlite_field_name -- Retorna o nome de um campo em particular.
- sqlite_has_more -- Retorna quando existem ou não mais linhas disponíveis
- sqlite_has_prev -- Returns whether or not a previous row is available
- sqlite_key -- Returns the current row index
- sqlite_last_error -- Retorna o código de erro para o último erro em um banco de dados
- sqlite_last_insert_rowid -- Retorna o rowid da ultima linha inserida.
- sqlite_libencoding -- Retorna a codificação da biblioteca SQLite.
- sqlite_libversion -- Retorna a versão da biblioteca SQLite.
- sqlite_next -- Move para a próxima linha.
- sqlite_num_fields -- Retorna o número de campos no conjunto de resultados.
- sqlite_num_rows -- Retorna o número de linhas em um conjunto de resultados.
- sqlite_open -- Abre um banco de dados SQLite. Irá criar o banco de dados se ele não existir
- sqlite_popen -- Abre uma conexão persistente com um banco de dados SQLite. Irá criar um se ele não existir.
- sqlite_prev -- Seek to the previous row number of a result set
- sqlite_query -- Executa uma query em um banco de dados e retorna um conjunto de resultados.
- sqlite_rewind -- Vai para a primeira linha.
- sqlite_seek -- Move o ponteiro interno para uma linha em um conjunto de resultados
- sqlite_single_query -- Executes a query and returns either an array for one single column or the value of the first row
- sqlite_udf_decode_binary -- Decodifica dados binários passados como parâmetros para uma UDF.
- sqlite_udf_encode_binary -- Codifica dados binários para utilizar com uma UDF.
- sqlite_unbuffered_query -- Executa uma query que não guarda em buffer os resultados
- sqlite_valid -- Returns whether more rows are available
add a note
User Contributed Notes
SQLite
CraquePipe
16-Sep-2011 05:54
iphone at kkk ccc sss dot gr
06-Dec-2009 10:35
a simplier way to find out if a table exists:
<?php
$db=sqlite_open('mydb.sqlite', 0666, $sqliteerror);
$query = sqlite_query($db, "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' and name='the_table_Im_looking_for'");
$totaltables = sqlite_num_rows($query);
if ($totaltables<1){
/* table does not exist...create it or do something... */
}
else{
/* table exists...don't create again , do something else */
}
?>
vincent at tigroux dot net
10-Oct-2006 03:19
on win 32
the error "malformed database schema - unable to open a temporary database file for storing temporary tables" may happen if the temp and tmp env vars are typed like this : %WINDIR/Temp
Replace by C:/Windows/Temp and the error will disappear.
papafox888 at hotmail dot com
01-Jun-2006 09:05
If you get an error message:
Warning: sqlite_open() [function.sqlite-open]: file is encrypted or is not a database
then most probably your code is accessing a SQLite3 database.
sqlite_open() only supports SQLite2. Use PDO to access SQLite3.
Egon at example dot com
21-Feb-2006 05:15
<$php
public function set_by_db_with_join_to_users_department($col, $foo){
$list = "da.ROWID, da.dept_id, da.script, da.action, da.description, ud.name";
$query = "SELECT $list FROM dept_access AS da, users_department AS ud
WHERE da.dept_id = ud.ROWID
AND da.$col = '$foo';";
$db = new SQLiteDatabase (dept_access::db_path, 0666, &$error)
or die("Failed: $error");
$db->queryExec("ATTACH DATABASE '".dept_access::db_users_path."' AS users");
$row = $db->arrayQuery($query, SQLITE_ASSOC);
unset($db);
echo $query."\n";
echo var_dump($row);
$this->ROWID = $row[0]['da.ROWID'];
$this->dept_id = $row[0]['da.dept_id'];
$this->dept_name = $row[0]['ud.name'];
$this->script = $row[0]['da.script'];
$this->action = $row[0]['da.action'];
$this->description = $row[0]['da.description'];
}
?>
For ATTACH DATABASE to work you need to run it in a $db->queryExec(ATTACH DATABASE...); before using $db->arrayQuery. This is most likly the case with other OO methods to. This on stumped me for a while.
heinemann.juergen AT t-online.de
11-Nov-2005 09:53
Simple Example for using SQLite for small Buffering Clipboard ;)
<?php
// $Id: SQLiteClipboard.php5,v 1.1 2005/09/09 10:15:26 heinemann Exp $
/**
* @callgraph
* @class SQLiteClipboard
* @short Simple Read/Write Clipboard Class
* @version 0.0.1
* @since Fr Sep 9 08:14:45 CEST 2005
* @code
$sqlite = new SQLiteClipboard( MY_TEMP_DIR );
if ( $sqlite->INSERTING = time() )
var_dump( $sqlite->INSERTING );
else
echo "Nothing done!";
* @endcode
*/
final class SQLiteClipboard
{
private $SQL;
private $DB = "Clipboard.sqlite";
private $TB = "Clipboard";
private $ID = "ID";
private $PA = "PARAM";
private $VA = "VAL";
function __construct( $path )
{
$this->DB = chop( $path . "/" . $this->DB );
$this->sql_init();
}
private function sql_init()
{
$this->SQL = new SQLiteDatabase( $this->DB, 0660 );
if ( ! file_exists( $this->DB ) )
die( "Permission Denied!" );
$q = $this->SQL->query("PRAGMA table_info(" . $this->TB . ")");
if ( $q->numRows() == 0 ) {
$this->SQL->query( "CREATE TABLE " . $this->TB . " ( " . $this->ID . " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, " . $this->PA . " CHAR(255), " . $this->VA . " CHAR(255) );" );
}
}
private function sql_check( $p )
{
$o = null;
$q = $this->SQL->query( "SELECT " . $this->ID . " FROM " . $this->TB . " WHERE ( " . $this->PA . "='$p' ) ORDER BY " . $this->ID . " LIMIT 1" );
while( $q->valid() ) {
$r = $q->current();
return $r[$this->ID];
$q->next();
}
return false;
}
public function __get( $p )
{
$q = $this->SQL->query( "SELECT " . $this->VA . " FROM " . $this->TB . " WHERE ( " . $this->PA . "='$p' ) ORDER BY " . $this->ID );
while( $q->valid() ) {
$r = $q->current();
$o = $r[$this->VA];
$q->next();
}
return $o;
}
public function __set( $p, $v )
{
if ( $this->sql_check( $p ) && ! empty( $v ) )
return $this->SQL->query( "UPDATE " . $this->TB . " SET " . $this->VA . "='$v' WHERE ( " . $this->PA . "='$p' );" );
elseif ( ! $this->sql_check( $p ) && ! empty( $v ) )
return $this->SQL->query( "INSERT INTO " . $this->TB . " ( " . $this->PA . ", " . $this->VA . " ) VALUES ('$p', '$v' );" );
elseif ( $this->sql_check( $p ) && empty( $v ) )
return $this->SQL->query( "DELETE FROM " . $this->TB . " WHERE ( " . $this->PA . "='$p' );" );
else
return false;
}
} // end Class
?>
31-Aug-2005 04:21
A function to check whether a table exists:
<?php
function sqlite_table_exists(&$sqlite, $table)
{
$result = $sqlite->query("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='$table'");
return $result->numRows() > 0;
}
?>
bens at effortlessis dot com
14-Jul-2005 11:37
Sqlite by default allows for foreign keys, but doesn't enforce them.
I found a nice article on how to enforce foreign keys at http://www.justatheory.com/computers/databases/sqlite/
It would be nice if this could be handled with a wrapper class, so that adding foreign keys is done thru a wrapper API to automate the generation of the necessary enforcement triggers. If nobody's done this by the time I start coding against SqlLite/PHP5 in 6-12 months, I'll write one myself, possibly by modifying "jon at jenseng dot com"s alter table wrapper
Anyway, it's not PHP specific, but anybody using Sqlite really should know this!
Stephen Leaf
30-Jun-2005 05:58
I think it would be good to point out that currently (as of 5.0.4) this extention does not support SQLite 3 databases.
So if your getting an error message like:
Error: file is encrypted or is not a database
That is why.
bart at mediawave dot nl
18-Apr-2005 07:30
SELECT tablename.columnname FROM table;
will cause SQLite to return an array having tablename.field_name as the array index. (e.g. $result['tablename.field_name'])
To let SQLite return an array having only field_name as the array index (e.g. $result['field_name']) you can issue a 'PRAGMA short_column_names = 1' query:
sqlite_query($connection_id, 'PRAGMA short_column_names = 1');
This behaviour is more consistent with the other database extensions.
For a full list of all pragmas visit: http://sqlite.org/pragma.html
dotwho at NOSPAM dot mac dot com
09-Feb-2005 06:03
This may have been obvious to others, but I had a tough time finding the info.
The default location for the actual database file is the same location of the php doc that created the database. You can alter this behavior by specifying the full path in the creation call:
<php
$db = sqlite_open("/absolute/path/my_sqlite.db");
?>
Note that if you used the default location, the db file may be served up by the webserver if it is in a the http document path. This is obviously a security risk that should be avoided.
//Max
hunreal+php at gmail dot com
16-Jan-2005 08:42
Check the db/table if exist
$db_name='db';
$db=new SQLiteDatabase($db_name, 0666, $error);
if ($error) exit($error);
$q=$db->query("PRAGMA table_info(test)");
if ($q->numRows()!=2) {
if (!@$db->queryexec("
CREATE TABLE test (
id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
text VARCHAR ( 255 ) NOT NULL
)")
) exit ("Create SQLite Database Error\n");
}
nicolas dot toniazzi at free dot fr
16-Nov-2004 07:24
The same in 3 lines.
<?php
function sqlite_table_exists($db,$mytable) {
/* counts the tables that match the name given */
$result = sqlite_query($db,"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='$mytable'");
/* casts into integer */
$count = intval(sqlite_fetch_single($result));
/* returns true or false */
return $count > 0;
}
?>
alexs at alphacomolex dot info
28-Oct-2004 03:41
the OO version.
<?php
function sqlite_table_exists($db,$mytable) {
// ask the database kindly what tables is has.
$result = $db->query("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'");
$tables = $result->fetchAll();
// if there's no items in the array then our taget is not going to exists.
if (count($tables) == 0) {
return FALSE ;
}
// loop over the tables to see if there's a table we're looking for.
foreach ($tables as $table) {
if ($table['name'] == $mytable) {
return(TRUE);
}
}
// there was no such table, informe the user the bad news.
return(FALSE);
}
?>
artooro at gmail dot com
21-Oct-2004 06:26
If you need to check if a table exists, you can use a function like this:
<?php
//Returns TRUE if table exists and FALSE otherwise
// $mytable = table you want to check for
function sqlite_table_exists($mytable) {
$db = sqlite_open('mydb.sqlite', 0666, $sqliteerror);
$query = sqlite_query($db, "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'");
$tables = sqlite_fetch_array($query);
if ($tables != '') {
foreach ($tables as $table) {
if ($table == $mytable) {
return("TRUE");
}
else {
return("FALSE");
}
}
}
else {
return("FALSE");
}
}
?>
A function like this could be used to create the table if it's not already created, etc.
j-pieper at NOSPAM dot web dot de
19-Oct-2004 03:18
If you want to create a table in your database which should have an integer primary key, you cannot declare the row like this:
id int(16) primary key
or
id integer(16) primary key
When you declare it like this it could be that the id isn't auto increment. You have to declare it like this:
id integer primary key
filip at filipdewaard dot com
09-Sep-2004 11:39
I've written a short article about the (lack of) use of SQLite in-memory databases: http://www.filipdewaard.com/21_SQLite_inmemory_databases.html . Hopefully it will help somebody out there ;)
philip
08-Aug-2004 02:59
jon at jenseng dot com
20-Jul-2004 02:50
Since SQLite doesn't support ALTER TABLE statements or renaming tables, modifying an existing table is a bit cumbersome. You have to:
1. create a temporary table
2. copy the original table into the temporary table
3. delete the original
4. recreate the original with new column definitions
5. copy the contents back
6. delete the temporary table
As this is rather unwieldy, I've created a wrapper class that allows for ALTER TABLE queries and does the dirty work for you. It has integrated error handling to ensure that queries are completely valid and it allows for complex statements such as:
ALTER TABLE foo ADD bar VARCHAR(27), DROP bar2, CHANGE bar3 foobar INTEGER, ADD bar4 DATE
Documentation:
http://code.jenseng.com/db/
Source:
http://code.jenseng.com/db/sql.txt
david at acz dot org
14-Jul-2004 06:29
You can use the PECL SQLite extension as a static (built into the executable) PHP module with PHP 4. Download the extension tarball and extract it. Move it to ext/sqlite in the PHP source directory. Delete configure and run buildconf.
Example below. Change version numbers as appropriate:
$ tar -xzvf php-4.3.8.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf SQLite-1.0.2.tgz
$ mv SQLite-1.0.2 php-4.3.8/ext/sqlite
$ cd php-4.3.8
$ rm configure
$ ./buildconf --force
If everything worked, then you should now be able to build PHP with SQLite support:
$ ./configure --help | grep sqlite
--with-sqlite Include sqlite support
I think this method will work for other PECL extensions.
13-May-2004 07:46
PHP5 compile time option --enable-sqlite-utf8
See the note about buggy utf-8 support http://uk.php.net/manual/en/function.sqlite-libencoding.php
csaba at alum dot mit dot edu
14-Apr-2004 08:16
If you want to get the list of all the columns in a table (and associated information), PRAGMA is helpful (see http://sqlite.org/lang.html#pragma for details):
if (!($db=@sqlite_open("delme.db",0666,$sqliteerror))) die("Can't open database");
@sqlite_query ($db, 'DROP TABLE foo;');
sqlite_query($db, "CREATE TABLE foo (bar INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, baz VARCHAR(5));");
$aTableStruct = sqlite_array_query($db, "PRAGMA table_info('foo');", SQLITE_ASSOC);
for ($i=0,$aNames=array();$i<sizeof($aTableStruct);++$i)
$aNames[]=$aTableStruct[$i]['name'];
var_dump ($aNames); // => ['bar', 'baz']
Note also that if you want to use more than one database in the same connection using "ATTACH DATABASE ..." then you should supply the complete database filename.
Csaba Gabor
cricket at djcricket dot com
31-Mar-2004 09:30
To elaborate on vpupkin at comcast dot net's post about the INSERT query problem, you will be unable to execute any manipulation queries (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/ect) on the SQLite database file unless the directory the SQLite database file resides in is writable by the webserver.
The reason for this is because SQLite needs to write a lock file to the hard drive. After a processes finishes writting, it deletes the lock file. Other processes check for the lock file before writting to the SQLite database file and if present, delay writting until the lock file is no longer present.
jlsalinas at spamsucks dot gmx dot net
13-Feb-2004 06:22
For those looking for a function similar to mysql_list_tables, here you have:
if (! function_exists ('sqlite_list_tables')) {
function sqlite_list_tables (&$dblink) {
$tables = array ();
$sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE (type = 'table')";
if ($res = sqlite_query ($dblink, $sql)) {
while (sqlite_has_more($res)) {
$tables[] = sqlite_fetch_single($res);
}
}
return $tables;
}
}
And a related funtion, to test if a given table exists:
if (! function_exists ('sqlite_table_exists')) {
function sqlite_table_exists (&$dblink, $table) {
$sql = "SELECT count(name) FROM sqlite_master WHERE ((type = 'table') and (name = '$table'))";
if ($res = sqlite_query ($dblink, $sql)) {
return sqlite_fetch_single($res) > 0;
} else {
return false; // or throw exception
}
}
}
Of course it would be preferable to have these functions included in the library, to avoid potential changes internal to SQLite; but we'll have to stick to this method until then.
vpupkin at comcast dot net
30-Nov-2003 08:53
if you are going to send INSERT queries, you will need to make the folder, where you put your "file.db", writable by a web server user, otherwise you'll receive error message - "Unable to open database . . . ". File permissions are not enough (phpinfo - SQLite Lib 2.8.3)
Minots Estich <minots at D0X dot de>
21-Nov-2003 06:47
If you gone in trouble while/with installation of sqlite,
you can try the installation steps I've done at
RedHat9 with PHP4.3.4 and Apache 1.3.28
via the Linux shell:
# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/SQLite-1.0.tgz
# tar xzf SQLite-1.0.tgz
# cd sqlite
# export PHP_PREFIX="/usr"
# $PHP_PREFIX/bin/phpize
# ./configure
# make
# make install
After that add following to php.ini and restart Apache:
[sqlite]
extension="sqlite.so"
ng4rrjanbiah at rediffmail dot com
07-Nov-2003 07:19
Very nice MS PowerPoint presentation titled "SQLite and PHP" (author: Wez Furlong) can be downloaded at http://www.php.net/~wez/SQLite_and_PHP.ppt [134 KB]
HTH,
R. Rajesh Jeba Anbiah