strtok
Everyone knows that strtolower/strtoupper does not translate cyrillic charactes (cp1251 code page). But I just was surprised that strtolower works twice(!) slower that translating characters with "strtr()".
Here is what I use to translate cyrillic (works for Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian and cyrillic balcan languages, like Serbian etc):
<?php
// Arrays (REMOVE THE LINE BREAKS! THIS NOT WON'T BE POSTED WITH SUCH LONG LINES!)
$chars_hi = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
АБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏҐ';
$chars_lo = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
абвгдежзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюяёђѓєѕіїјљњћќўџґ';
// functions
function uppercase($s) {
global $chars_hi, $chars_lo;
return strtr($s, $chars_lo, $chars_hi);
}
function lowercase($s) {
global $chars_hi, $chars_lo;
return strtr($s, $chars_hi, $chars_lo);
}
?>
Remember, it works TWICE FASTER than strtoupper/strtolower! So maybe someone will would like to translate the arrays for another code pages different than cp1251
strtolower
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
strtolower — Make a string lowercase
Description
string strtolower
( string
$str
)
Returns string with all alphabetic characters
converted to lowercase.
Note that 'alphabetic' is determined by the current locale. This means that in i.e. the default "C" locale, characters such as umlaut-A (Ä) will not be converted.
Parameters
-
str -
The input string.
Return Values
Returns the lowercased string.
Examples
Example #1 strtolower() example
<?php
$str = "Mary Had A Little Lamb and She LOVED It So";
$str = strtolower($str);
echo $str; // Prints mary had a little lamb and she loved it so
?>
Notes
Note: This function is binary-safe.
See Also
- strtoupper() - Make a string uppercase
- ucfirst() - Make a string's first character uppercase
- ucwords() - Uppercase the first character of each word in a string
- mb_strtolower() - Make a string lowercase
add a note
User Contributed Notes
strtolower
utilmind at gmail
17-May-2012 05:46
on at niepodam dot pl
24-Oct-2011 07:23
If the input string is in different language that server locale, then you should use mb_strtolower() function.
RCube
31-Mar-2011 04:57
To convert an entire array to lower, I prefer this method;
<?php
function arraytolower(array $array, $round = 0){
return unserialize(strtolower(serialize($array)));
}
?>
3 lines of code seem a lot less overhead than 10-40.
If there's any intrinsic problem with this method, please post it.
marcin at maydesign dot pl
22-Jun-2010 03:16
strtolower(); doesn't work for polish chars
<?php strtolower("mĄkA"); ?>
will return: mĄka;
the best solution - use mb_strtolower()
<?php mb_strtolower("mĄkA",'UTF-8'); ?>
will return: mąka
sanderwind at gmail dot com
11-Jun-2010 06:03
Very easy way to only make the first character lowercase:
<?php
function lcfirst($string) {
$string{0} = strtolower($string{0});
return $string;
}
?>
ewertonp at hotmail dot com
30-Sep-2009 11:50
Here is my solution to lowercase strings Latin strings with accents. In this case I've used Brazilian Portuguese locale:
<?PHP
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'pt_BR');
echo strtolower('ÉÁÇÚÍÑ');
// output: éáçúíñ
echo ucfirst(strtolower('éÁÇÚÍÑ'));
// output: Éáçúíñ
?>
leha_grobov
25-Jun-2009 08:03
the strtolower version to support most amount of languages including russian, french and so on:
<?php
function strtolower_utf8($string){
$convert_to = array(
"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u",
"v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "à", "á", "â", "ã", "ä", "å", "æ", "ç", "è", "é", "ê", "ë", "ì", "í", "î", "ï",
"ð", "ñ", "ò", "ó", "ô", "õ", "ö", "ø", "ù", "ú", "û", "ü", "ý", "а", "б", "в", "г", "д", "е", "ё", "ж",
"з", "и", "й", "к", "л", "м", "н", "о", "п", "р", "с", "т", "у", "ф", "х", "ц", "ч", "ш", "щ", "ъ", "ы",
"ь", "э", "ю", "я"
);
$convert_from = array(
"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U",
"V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "À", "Á", "Â", "Ã", "Ä", "Å", "Æ", "Ç", "È", "É", "Ê", "Ë", "Ì", "Í", "Î", "Ï",
"Ð", "Ñ", "Ò", "Ó", "Ô", "Õ", "Ö", "Ø", "Ù", "Ú", "Û", "Ü", "Ý", "А", "Б", "В", "Г", "Д", "Е", "Ё", "Ж",
"З", "И", "Й", "К", "Л", "М", "Н", "О", "П", "Р", "С", "Т", "У", "Ф", "Х", "Ц", "Ч", "Ш", "Щ", "Ъ", "Ъ",
"Ь", "Э", "Ю", "Я"
);
return str_replace($convert_from, $convert_to, $string);
}
?>
Khigashi
22-Jun-2009 02:53
Here is my code, I made because of the accents contained in the latin languages [like the Portuguese of Brazil =)]
<?php
function deepLower($texto){
//Letras minúsculas com acentos
$texto = strtr($texto, "
ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUWYZQ
XVЁЙЦУКЕНГШЩЗХЪФЫВАПРОЛДЖЭЯЧСМИТЬБЮ
ÂÀÁÄÃÊÈÉËÎÍÌÏÔÕÒÓÖÛÙÚÜÇ
", "
ąćęłńóśźżabcdefghijklmnoprstuwyzq
xvёйцукенгшщзхъфывапролджэячсмитьбю
âàáäãêèéëîíìïôõòóöûùúüç
");
return strtolower($texto);
}
?>
hans111 {AT} yahoo {DOT} com
13-May-2009 03:02
Could be useful, if mb string library is not available for whatever the reason:
<?php
function utf8_strtolower($string) {
return utf8_encode(strtolower(utf8_decode($string)));
}
##equally.....
function utf8_ucfirst($string) {
return utf8_encode(ucfirst(utf8_decode($string)));
}
#.....etc...
?>
It has worked for me, just make sure you feed the functions with the proper encoded text (utf-8)
[These functions] only work when translation is between common characters in ISO 8859-1 and UTF-8, that means they will work well with western languages but not cyrillic or asian.
coder at bulgaria dot bg
03-Apr-2009 04:08
for cyrillic and UTF 8 use mb_convert_case
exampel
<?php
$string = "Австралия";
$string = mb_convert_case($string, MB_CASE_LOWER, "UTF-8");
echo $string;
//output is: австралия
?>
ghutix6 at gmail dot com
15-Mar-2009 01:50
Here is function for working polish lower letters (plus example):
<?php
function lower_pl($str)
{
return strtr($str, "ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUWYZQXV", "ąćęłńóśźżabcdefghijklmnoprstuwyzqxv");
}
$word ="ŻÓŁTKO";
$word = lower_pl ($word);
echo ("<p>$word</p>");
?>
This will turn into: <p>żółtko</p>.
dbers26 at gmail dot com
07-Jan-2009 01:34
the function arraytolower will create duplicate entries since keys are case sensitive.
<?php
$array = array('test1' => 'asgAFasDAAd', 'TEST2' => 'ASddhshsDGb', 'TeSt3 '=> 'asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh');
$array = arraytolower($array);
?>
/*
Array
(
[test1] => asgafasdaad
[TEST2] => ASddhshsDGb
[TeSt3] => asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh
[test2] => asddhshsdgb
[test3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
*/
I prefer this method
<?php
function arraytolower($array, $include_leys=false) {
if($include_leys) {
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if(is_array($value))
$array2[strtolower($key)] = arraytolower($value, $include_leys);
else
$array2[strtolower($key)] = strtolower($value);
}
$array = $array2;
}
else {
foreach($array as $key => $value) {
if(is_array($value))
$array[$key] = arraytolower($value, $include_leys);
else
$array[$key] = strtolower($value);
}
}
return $array;
}
?>
which when used like this
<?php
$array = $array = array('test1' => 'asgAFasDAAd', 'TEST2' => 'ASddhshsDGb', 'TeSt3 '=> 'asdasda@asdadadASDASDgh');
$array1 = arraytolower($array);
$array2 = arraytolower($array,true);
print_r($array1);
print_r($array2);
?>
will give output of
Array
(
[test1] => asgafasdaad
[TEST2] => asddhshsdgb
[TeSt3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
Array
(
[test1] => asgafasdaad
[test2] => asddhshsdgb
[test3] => asdasda@asdadadasdasdgh
)
s0urce at anonyme dot com
23-Oct-2008 03:05
for someone who needs - arraytolower:
<?php
function arraytolower($array,$round = 0){
foreach($array as $key => $value){
if(is_array($value)) $array[strtolower($key)] = $this->arraytolower($value,$round+1);
else $array[strtolower($key)] = strtolower($value);
}
return $array;
}
?>
converts the whole array in a levels. keys and values.
rodrigoATsistemasparainternetDOTcomDOTbr
09-Sep-2008 06:25
<?php
function fullLower($str){
// convert to entities
$subject = htmlentities($str,ENT_QUOTES);
$pattern = '/&([a-z])(uml|acute|circ';
$pattern.= '|tilde|ring|elig|grave|slash|horn|cedil|th);/e';
$replace = "'&'.strtolower('\\1').'\\2'.';'";
$result = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $subject);
// convert from entities back to characters
$htmltable = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
foreach($htmltable as $key => $value) {
$result = ereg_replace(addslashes($value),$key,$result);
}
return(strtolower($result));
}
echo fullLower("Ã É Ò Õ ÚÙÛ");
//results ã é ò õ úùû
//adapted from fullUpper on strtoupper manual
?>
concepton at gmail dot com
10-Aug-2008 09:50
comment to "alexfort at list dot ru"
i think better to use this one
<?php
function strtolower_ru($text) {
$alfavitlover = array('ё','й','ц','у','к','е','н','г', 'ш','щ','з','х','ъ','ф','ы','в', 'а','п','р','о','л','д','ж','э', 'я','ч','с','м','и','т','ь','б','ю');
$alfavitupper = array('Ё','Й','Ц','У','К','Е','Н','Г', 'Ш','Щ','З','Х','Ъ','Ф','Ы','В', 'А','П','Р','О','Л','Д','Ж','Э', 'Я','Ч','С','М','И','Т','Ь','Б','Ю');
return str_replace($alfavitupper,$alfavitlover,strtolower($text));
}
?>
alexfort at list dot ru
04-Aug-2008 05:43
<?php
//solution to the Cyrillic and uft-8
function strtolower_Cyrillic($word) {
$alfavitlover = explode(',', 'ё,й,ц,у,к,е,н,г,ш,щ,з,х,ъ,ф,ы,
в,а,п,р,о,л,д,ж,э,я,ч,с,м,и,т,ь,б,ю');
$alfavitupper = explode(',', 'Ё,Й,Ц,У,К,Е,Н,Г,Ш,Щ,З,Х,Ъ,Ф,Ы,
В,А,П,Р,О,Л,Д,Ж,Э,Я,Ч,С,М,И,Т,Ь,Б,Ю');
for($wr=0;$wr<=count($alfavitlover);$wr++) {
$word = str_replace($alfavitupper[$wr], $alfavitlover[$wr], $word);
}
return $word;
}
echo strtolower_Cyrillic('СаШа+МаШа');
?>
tushar at sel2in dot com
28-Jul-2008 08:57
Quick and works for accented characters like á
Tested on linux and win apache+php5
<?php
function strtolower2($s){
$ln = strlen($s);
$ln1 = $ln -1;
for($i=0; $i < $ln; $i++){
$k = ord(substr($s, $i, 1));
if($k>=65 && $k <= 90){
if($i > 0){
$l1 = substr($s, 0, $i);
}else{
$l1 ='';
}
$l1 = $l1 . chr($k+32);
if($i < $ln1){
$l1 = $l1 . substr($s, $i + 1);
}
$s = $l1;
}
}
return $s;
}
?>
Piotr
10-Mar-2008 01:24
///charset=iso-8859-2
function strtolower_iso8592($string)
{
$low=array("ˇ" => "±", "Ć" => "ć", "Ę" => "ę", "Ł" => "ł", "Ó" => "ó", "¦" => "¶", "Ż" => "ż", "¬" => "Ľ", "Ń" => "ń");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
toringe at infostill dot com
25-Oct-2007 03:27
This will work for all languages using ISO8859_1 - more code than many other but fast.
<?php
function strtolower_iso8859_1($s){
$i = strlen($s);
while ($i > 0) {
--$i;
$c =ord($s[$i]);
if (($c & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
// two most significante bits on
if (($c != 215) and ($c != 223)){ // two chars OK as is
// to get lowercase set 3. most significante bit if needed:
$s[$i] = chr($c | 0x20);
}
}
}
return strtolower($s);
}
?>
patricia at steuerungb dot de
17-Oct-2007 06:29
When you're not sure, how the current locale is set, you might find the following function useful. It's strtolower for utf8-formatted text:
<?php
function strtolower_utf8($inputString) {
$outputString = utf8_decode($inputString);
$outputString = strtolower($outputString);
$outputString = utf8_encode($outputString);
return $outputString;
}
?>
It's not suitable for every occasion, but it surely gets in handy. I use it for lowering German 'Umlauts' like ä and ö.
mr dot blober at gmail dot com
16-Jun-2007 11:39
simple example for Polish characters
<?php
function strtolower_pl($str)
{
return strtr(strtolower($str), '[ĄĆĘŁŃÓŚŹŻ]', '[ąćęłńóśźż]');
}
?>
rok dot kralj at gmail dot com
04-Jun-2007 11:49
Slovenian characters
<?php
function strtolower_slovenian($string)
{
$low=array("Č" => "č", "Ž" => "ž", "Š" => "š");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
?>
marco at recchiuti dot it
22-May-2007 12:43
Maybe it is not so elegant, but it Works.
It's just a fast Idea and it is what I need.
Any hacks for other characters (link !, ? etc etc) should help.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$frase = "";
$astri = explode(".", $string);
foreach ($astri as $elem)
$frase .= " ".ucfirst(trim(strtolower($elem))).". ";
return trim($frase);
}
Cheers!
M
mario dot kostelac at gmail dot com
29-Apr-2007 04:42
This is strtolower function for Croatian characters:
function strToLowerCro($string){
$string = strtolower($string);
$patterns[0] = '/Č/';
$patterns[1] = '/Ć/';
$patterns[2] = '/Ž/';
$patterns[3] = '/Š/';
$patterns[4] = '/Đ/';
$replacements[0] = 'č';
$replacements[1] = 'ć';
$replacements[2] = 'ž';
$replacements[3] = 'š';
$replacements[4] = 'đ';
$string = preg_replace($patterns, $replacements, $string);
return $string;
}
Enjoy...
HQ063
31-Mar-2007 12:37
Similar to last function, but for spanish
function strtolower_es($string)
{
$low=array("Á" => "á", "É" => "é", "Í" => "í", "Ó" => "ó", "Ú" => "ú", "Ü" => "ü", "Ñ" => "ñ");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
Dinçer Akay
20-Dec-2006 02:32
Turkish Character
<?php
function strtolower_tr($string)
{
$low=array("Ü" => "ü", "Ö" => "ö", "Ğ" => "ğ", "Ş" => "ş", "Ç" => "ç", "İ" => "i", "I" => "ı");
return strtolower(strtr($string,$low));
}
?>
Enzo_01 at abv dot bg
06-Nov-2006 11:31
two functions what works with cyrilic text
function cyr_strtolower($a) {
$offset=32;
$m=array();
for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i)]=chr($i+$offset);
return strtr($a,$m);
}
function cyr_strtoupper($a) {
$offset=32;
$m=array();
for($i=192;$i<224;$i++)$m[chr($i+$offset)]=chr($i);
return strtr($a,$m);
}
ex:
cyr_strtoupper("абвгде"); // АБВГДЕ
cyr_strtolower("АБВГДЕ"); // абвгде
eduardor2k at redr2k dot com
08-Aug-2006 02:34
I changed it a bit and i found that it's better to put everything in lowercase, and rebuild the text the same way a teacher corrects a text, for now it only checks that the first letter after a point "." must be
in upper case.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$string = strtolower(trim($string));
for($i=0;$i<strlen($string);$i++){
if($i==0){$string[$i] = strtoupper($string[$i]);}
if($string[$i] == "."){
while($string[$i+1] == " "){
$i++;
}
$string[$i+1] = strtoupper($string[$i+1]);
$i++;
}
}
return $string;
}
this function would change:
Hi mi name is PETER. SOME TIMES I FORGOT TO DISABLE CAPS LOCK.
into:
Hi mi name is peter. Some times i forgot to disable caps lock.
spiceee ddotty spiceee com
06-Mar-2006 04:53
If you ever need to strtolower a string with href tags on it and doesn't want to mess with the characters inside a tag, this is for you.
<?php
function loweroutsidetags ($str) {
$chars = preg_split ("//", $str);
$tolower = true;
$str = '';
foreach ($chars as $k) {
if ($k == '<') { $tolower = false; }
if ($tolower) { $k = strtolower ($k); }
$str .= $k;
if ($k == '>') { $tolower = true; }
}
return $str;
}
?>
this:
echo loweroutsidetags('aALalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">')
will give:
aalalala <a href="?q=CASEsENSITIVINESSinURLSareSTUPID">
red at iklanumum dot com
23-Feb-2006 06:43
I've seen this as a common use from script developers, so I would like to share the alternative way to compare 2 string (CASE INSENSITIVE) without using strtolower for faster process.
Use strcasecmp() for comparison purpose rather than comparing uncertain case of 2 string variables, because strcasecmp() is approximately 60% faster, moreover, the greater its string length the greater the difference,!
Ex. case :
$var1; -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case
$var2; -> could be a mixture of upper & lower case
To compare whether $var1 is exactly the same as $var2 (case insensitive manner):
Use -> if (strcasecmp($var1,$var2)==0)
rather than -> if (strtolower($var1)==strtolower($var2))
Patrick
19-Jan-2006 10:57
If you're considering using the below unhtmlentities function from phpContrib, I would suggest this one as an alternative:
<?php
function unhtmlentities($string)
{
// replace numeric entities
$string = preg_replace('~&#x([0-9a-f]+);~ei', 'chr(hexdec("\\1"))', $string);
$string = preg_replace('~&#([0-9]+);~e', 'chr(\\1)', $string);
// replace literal entities
$trans_tbl = get_html_translation_table(HTML_ENTITIES);
$trans_tbl = array_flip($trans_tbl);
return strtr($string, $trans_tbl);
}
?>
That was copied exactly from the html_entity_decode manual page. It'll handle numeric entities correctly, the below function won't.
fackelkind
11-Jan-2006 12:03
Nifty? :D
<?php
function is_lowercase ($str){
return ($str == strtolower ($str));
}
?>
mhuggins57 at yahoo dot com
19-Jul-2005 04:04
There's a ucfirst "function" to make the first character uppercase, but there's no "lcfirst" function to make the first character lowercase. Here's my own code to accomplish this.
<?
function lcfirst($str) {
return strtolower(substr($str, 0, 1)) . substr($str, 1);
}
?>
I found this particularly useful for generating XML nodes with the Reflection class.
kmcdermott at perimeterinstitute dot ca
08-Dec-2004 01:04
To do case insensitive comparisons in a database, strtolower() can be a quick and dirty solution:
$Sql = "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE LOWER(column_name) = '".strtolower($my_var)."'";
phpContrib (A T) esurfers d o t c o m
24-Sep-2004 11:07
<?php
$b=html_entity_decode(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));
?>
will convert to lowercase most accented vocals
(it will convert into À into à into )
This is not fast and clean code, it is just a quick oneliner to help you if you need a quick way to do it
Users with older versions of PHP can use:
$b=unhtmlentities(strtolower(htmlentities($a)));
// with unhtmlentities() as defined in the html_entity_decode() manual page:
function unhtmlentities ($string) {
$trans_tbl =get_html_translation_table (HTML_ENTITIES );
$trans_tbl =array_flip ($trans_tbl );
return strtr ($string ,$trans_tbl );
}
bkimble at ebaseweb dot com
19-Jan-2003 10:39
Heres a small function I wrote to stop people from submitting data that is ALL IN CAPS SO THEY CAN GET MORE ATTENTION THAT THE REST OF THE USER SUBMITTED DATA on my website :) If you can make it better, by all means do so. This function splits up words delimited by a space, and makes only the first letter of each word capitalized. You can easily modify it so it's only the very first word of the string. I've also added some exceptions so you don't make things like roman numerals look like "Iii" or "Xcmii" or something.
function RemoveShouting($string)
{
$lower_exceptions = array(
"to" => "1", "a" => "1", "the" => "1", "of" => "1"
);
$higher_exceptions = array(
"I" => "1", "II" => "1", "III" => "1", "IV" => "1",
"V" => "1", "VI" => "1", "VII" => "1", "VIII" => "1",
"XI" => "1", "X" => "1"
);
$words = split(" ", $string);
$newwords = array();
foreach ($words as $word)
{
if (!$higher_exceptions[$word]) $word = strtolower($word);
if (!$lower_exceptions[$word]) $word[0] = strtoupper($word[0]);
array_push($newwords, $word);
}
return join(" ", $newwords);
}
BK
tty01_at_rambler_dot_ru
19-Sep-2002 07:58
Another solution for Double-Byte-Characters, based on iconv() functions, not sensible to the current locale, works on win32.
/* Converts charset */
function myConvertCharset($str, $from, $to)
{
if(@function_exists('iconv'))
{
return iconv($from, $to, $str);
}
else if(@function_exists('recode_string'))
{
return recode_string($from . '..' . $to, $str);
}
else
{
print "function iconv not exists";
return $str;
}
}
/* Converts a string to lowercase */
function my_strtolower($s)
{
$t = "windows-1251";
$d = "UTF-8";
return myConvertCharset(strtolower(myConvertCharset($s, $d, $t)), $t, $d);
}
print my_strtolower("СЛОВО Uppercase");
12-Sep-2002 05:17
This function is sensible to the current locale, namely the LC_CTYPE category (the default LC_CTYPE category is set from the LANG environment variable or by an explicit LC_CTYPE setting, but it can be overriden by the LC_ALL environment setting). If no locale setting is done in the enironment, the default locale will be C, for which the lowercase/uppercase conversion is based on the default character set of the system: this may convert only ASCII letters, or also ISO-8859-1 letters depending on the system...