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socket_accept> <use_soap_error_handler
[edit] Last updated: Mon, 01 Nov 2010

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CLII. Socket Funktionen

Einführung

Die Socket-Erweiterung stellt eine hardwarenahe Schnittstelle zu den Datenaustauschfunktionen über eine Socket-Verbindung zur Verfügung, die auf den bekannten BSD Sockets aufbaut, und bietet die Möglichkeit, entweder als Socket-Server oder als Client zu agieren.

Für eine allgemeinere clientseitige Socket Schnittstelle siehe stream_socket_client(), stream_socket_server(), fsockopen() und pfsockopen().

Wenn man diese Funktionen benutzt, darf man nicht vergessen, dass, obwohl viele der Funktionen gleichlautende Namen wie ihre Entsprechungen in C haben, sie dennoch oft unterschiedliche Deklarationen haben. Bitte lesen Sie die Beschreibungen, um Verwirrung zu vermeiden.

Das heisst, wem Socketprogrammierung fremd ist, der findet eine grosse Menge nützlicher Materialien in den entsprechenden Unix manpages und es gibt jede Menge von Tutorials und Informationen über Socketprogrammierung in C im Internet. Vieles davon kann mit leichten Änderungen für die Socketprogrammierung mit PHP benutzt werden. Die » UNIX Socket FAQ ist dafür ein guter Anfang.

Anforderungen

Diese Erweiterung benötigt keine externen Bibliotheken.

Installation

Um die hier beschriebenen Socket-Funktionen benutzen zu können, muss PHP mit der Option --enable-sockets kompiliert werden.

Anmerkung: IPv6 Unterstützung steht seit PHP 5.0.0 zur Verfügung.

Laufzeit Konfiguration

Diese Erweiterung definiert keine Konfigurationseinstellungen in der php.ini.

Resource Typen

Diese Erweiterung definiert keine Resource-Typen.

Vordefinierte Konstanten

Folgende Konstanten werden von dieser Erweiterung definiert und stehen nur zur Verfügung, wenn die Erweiterung entweder statisch in PHP kompiliert oder dynamisch zur Laufzeit geladen wurde.

AF_UNIX (integer)
AF_INET (integer)
AF_INET6 (integer)
SOCK_STREAM (integer)
SOCK_DGRAM (integer)
SOCK_RAW (integer)
SOCK_SEQPACKET (integer)
SOCK_RDM (integer)
MSG_OOB (integer)
MSG_WAITALL (integer)
MSG_PEEK (integer)
MSG_DONTROUTE (integer)
SO_DEBUG (integer)
SO_REUSEADDR (integer)
SO_KEEPALIVE (integer)
SO_DONTROUTE (integer)
SO_LINGER (integer)
SO_BROADCAST (integer)
SO_OOBINLINE (integer)
SO_SNDBUF (integer)
SO_RCVBUF (integer)
SO_SNDLOWAT (integer)
SO_RCVLOWAT (integer)
SO_SNDTIMEO (integer)
SO_RCVTIMEO (integer)
SO_TYPE (integer)
SO_ERROR (integer)
SOL_SOCKET (integer)
PHP_NORMAL_READ (integer)
PHP_BINARY_READ (integer)
SOL_TCP (integer)
SOL_UDP (integer)

Socket Fehler

Die Socket-Erweiterung wurde geschrieben, um eine nützliche Schnittstelle zu den mächtigen BSD-Funktionen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Es wurde darauf geachtet, dass die Funktionen sowohl unter Win32 als auch unter Unix-Implementierungen arbeiten. Fast alle Socket-Funktionen können unter bestimmten Umständen fehlschlagen und deshalb eine E_WARNING- Meldung ausgeben, die den aufgetretenen Fehler beschreibt. Dies ist manchmal nicht wünschenswert für den Entwickler. Zum Beispiel kann die Funktion socket_read() plötzlich eine E_WARNING-Meldung ausgeben, weil die Verbindung unerwartet beendet wurde. Normalerweise werden solche Meldungen mit dem @-Operator unterdrückt und der Fehlercode innerhalb der Anwendung mit der Funktion socket_last_error() aufgefangen. Sie können auch die Funktion socket_strerror() mit diesem Fehlercode aufrufen, um eine Fehlerbeschreibung zu erhalten. zu erhalten. Nähere Informationen finden Sie bei diesen beiden Funktionen.

Anmerkung: Die E_WARNING-Meldungen, die von der Socket-Extension generiert werden, sind auf Englisch, aber die Meldungen, die Sie extra abfragen können, erscheinen in der entsprechenden Sprache, die Sie eingestellt haben (LC_MESSAGES):

Warning - socket_bind() unable to bind address [98]: Die Adresse wird bereits verwendet

Beispiele

Beispiel 1955. Socket Beispiel: Einfacher TCP/IP Server

Dieses Beispiel zeigt einen einfachen Echo-Server. Passen Sie die Variablen address und port an Ihre Systemumgebung an und führen Sie das Skript aus. Dann können Sie sich mit einem Befehl wie: telnet 192.168.1.53 10000 (bei dem adress und port an Ihre Umgebung angepasst ist) mit dem Server verbinden. Alles, was Sie eingeben, wird an den Server geschickt und von diesem wieder an Sie zurückgegeben. Um die Verbindung zu trennen, geben sie 'quit' ein.

#!/usr/local/bin/php -q
<?php
error_reporting
(E_ALL);

/* Das Skript wartet auf hereinkommende Verbindungsanforderungen. */
set_time_limit (0);

/* Die implizite Ausgabe wird eingeschaltet, so dass man sieht, was gesendet wurde. */
ob_implicit_flush ();

$address = '192.168.1.53';
$port = 10000;

if ((
$sock = socket_create (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
    echo
"socket_create() fehlgeschlagen: Grund: " . socket_strerror ($sock) . "\n";
}

if ((
$ret = socket_bind ($sock, $address, $port)) < 0) {
    echo
"socket_bind() fehlgeschlagen: Grund: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
}

if ((
$ret = socket_listen ($sock, 5)) < 0) {
    echo
"socket_listen() fehlgeschlagen: Grund: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
}

do {
    if ((
$msgsock = socket_accept($sock)) < 0) {
        echo
"socket_accept() fehlgeschlagen: Grund: " . socket_strerror ($msgsock) . "\n";
        break;
    }
   
/* Anweisungen senden. */
   
$msg = "\nWillkommen auf dem PHP Testserver.  \n" .
       
"Um zu beenden, geben Sie 'quit' ein. Um den Server herunterzufahren, geben Sie 'shutdown' ein.\n";
   
socket_write($msgsock, $msg, strlen($msg));

    do {
        if (
FALSE === ($buf = socket_read ($msgsock, 2048))) {
            echo
"socket_read() fehlgeschlagen: Grund: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
            break
2;
        }
        if (!
$buf = trim ($buf)) {
            continue;
        }
        if (
$buf == 'quit') {
            break;
        }
        if (
$buf == 'shutdown') {
           
socket_close ($msgsock);
            break
2;
        }
       
$talkback = "PHP: Sie haben '$buf' eingegeben.\n";
       
socket_write ($msgsock, $talkback, strlen ($talkback));
        echo
"$buf\n";
    } while (
true);
   
socket_close ($msgsock);
} while (
true);

socket_close ($sock);
?>

Beispiel 1956. Socket Beispiel: Einfacher TCP/IP Client

Dieses Beispiel zeigt einen einfachen HTTP-Client, der einen einzelnen Request absetzen kann. Er verbindet sich mit einer Seite, setzt einen HEAD-Request ab, gibt die Antwort zurück und wird beendet.


<?php
error_reporting (E_ALL);

echo "<h2>TCP/IP Verbindung</h2>\n";

/* Den Port des WWW-Dienstes holen. */
$service_port = getservbyname ('www', 'tcp');

/* Die IP-Adresse des Zielhosts holen. */
$address = gethostbyname ('www.example.com');

/* einen TCP/IP Socket erzeugen. */
$socket = socket_create (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
if ($socket < 0) {
    echo "socket_create() fehlgeschlagen: Grund: " . socket_strerror ($socket) . "\n";
} else {
    echo "OK.\n";
}

echo "Versuche, eine Verbindung zu '$address' auf Port '$service_port' aufzubauen ...";
$result = socket_connect ($socket, $address, $service_port);
if ($result < 0) {
    echo "socket_connect() fehlgeschlagen.\nGrund: ($result) " . socket_strerror($result) . "\n";
} else {
    echo "OK.\n";
}

$in = "HEAD / HTTP/1.1\r\n";
$in .= "Host: www.example.com\r\n";
$in .= "Connection: Close\r\n\r\n";
$out = '';

echo "Einen HTTP HEAD Request senden ...";
socket_write ($socket, $in, strlen ($in));
echo "OK.\n";

echo "Die Antwort lesen:\n\n";
while ($out = socket_read ($socket, 2048)) {
    echo $out;
}

echo "Den Socket schliessen ...";
socket_close ($socket);
echo "OK.\n\n";
?>

      

Inhaltsverzeichnis

socket_accept — Akzeptiert eine Verbindung an einem Socket
socket_bind — Verknüpft einen Namen mit einem Socket
socket_clear_error — Löscht entweder einen Fehler oder den letzten Fehlercode eines Sockets
socket_close — Schliesst eine Socket-Verbindung
socket_connect — Baut eine Verbindung über einen Socket auf
socket_create_listen — Öffnet einen Socket um Verbindungen über einem gegebenen Port aufzubauen
socket_create_pair — Erzeugt ein paar von unverwechselbaren Sockets und speichert sie in einem Array.
socket_create — Erzeugt einen Socket (Endpunkt für die Kommunikation)
socket_get_option — Holt die Socket-Optionen für einen Socket
socket_getpeername — Fragt das entfernte Ende eines gegebenen Sockets ab. Das Ergebnis ist vom Typ abhängig und ist entweder das Paar host/port oder ein Pfad des Unix-Dateisystems.
socket_getsockname — Fragt das lokale Ende eines gegebenen Sockets ab. Das Ergebnis ist vom Typ abhängig und ist entweder das Paar host/port oder ein Pfad des Unix-Dateisystems.
socket_last_error — Gibt den letzten Fehler zurück, der an einem Socket aufgetreten ist.
socket_listen — Hört einen Socket nach Verbindungsanforderungen ab
socket_read — Liest höchstens die angegebene Anzahl Bytes von einem Socket.
socket_recv — Empfängt Daten von einem verbundenen Socket
socket_recvfrom — Empfängt Daten von einem Socket, unabhängig von einer Verbindung
socket_select — Führt einen select() Systemaufruf auf den gegebenen Socket-Arrays aus, wobei mit tv_sec und tv_usec ein Zeitlimit bestimmt wird.
socket_send — Sendet Daten an einen verbundenen Socket
socket_sendto — Sendet eine Nachricht an einen Socket, egal ob dieser verbunden ist oder nicht.
socket_set_block — Setzt einen Socket auf den blockieren-Modus
socket_set_nonblock — Setzt den nonblocking-Modus für den Datei-Deskriptor fd.
socket_set_option — Setzt die Socket-Optionen für einen Socket
socket_shutdown — Fährt einen Socket zum Empfangen oder zum Senden oder zu beidem, herunter.
socket_strerror — Gibt einen String zurück, der einen socket-Fehler beschreibt.
socket_write — Schreibt in den Socket


socket_accept> <use_soap_error_handler
[edit] Last updated: Mon, 01 Nov 2010
 
add a note add a note User Contributed Notes Socket Funktionen
paul dot hodel at gmail dot com 10-Sep-2011 04:39
After many non-sleep nights I got the most simple multi-client server written in PHP that really works. Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V... use as command line to test it. Enjoy it.

<?php

ini_set
('error_reporting', E_ALL ^ E_NOTICE);
ini_set('display_errors', 1);

// Set time limit to indefinite execution
set_time_limit (0);

// Set the ip and port we will listen on
$address = '10.203.9.67';
$port = 6901;

// Create a TCP Stream socket
$sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

// Bind the socket to an address/port
socket_bind($sock, $address, $port) or die('Could not bind to address');

// Start listening for connections
socket_listen($sock);

// Non block socket type
socket_set_nonblock($sock);

// Loop continuously
while (true)
{
    unset(
$read);

   
$j = 0;

    if (
count($client))
    {
        foreach (
$client AS $k => $v)
        {
           
$read[$j] = $v;

           
$j++;
        }
    }

   
$client = $read;

    if (
$newsock = @socket_accept($sock))
    {
        if (
is_resource($newsock))
        {
           
socket_write($newsock, "$j>", 2).chr(0);
           
            echo
"New client connected $j";

           
$client[$j] = $newsock;

           
$j++;
        }
    }

    if (
count($client))
    {
        foreach (
$client AS $k => $v)
        {
            if (@
socket_recv($v, $string, 1024, MSG_DONTWAIT) === 0)
            {
                unset(
$client[$k]);

               
socket_close($v);
            }
            else
            {
                if (
$string)
                {
                    echo
"$k: $string\n";
                }
            }
        }
    }

   
//echo ".";

   
sleep(1);
}

// Close the master sockets
socket_close($sock);
?>
davidccook+php at gmail dot com 04-Aug-2008 09:25
Planning on sending integer values through as socket, I was surprised to find PHP only supports sending strings.
I came to the conclusion the only way to do it would be to create a string that would evaluate to the same byte values as the integer I wanted to send. So (after much messing about) I created a couple of functions: one to create this 'string' and one to convert a received value back to an integer.

<?php
//Converts an integer to 'byte array' (string), default to 4 'bytes' (chars)
function int2string($int, $numbytes=4)
{
  
$str = "";
   for (
$i=0; $i < $numbytes; $i++) {
    
$str .= chr($int % 256);
    
$int = $int / 256;
   }
   return
$str;
}

//Converts a 'byte array' (string) to integer
function string2int($str)
{
  
$numbytes = strlen($str);
  
$int = 0;
   for (
$i=0; $i < $numbytes; $i++) {
    
$int += ord($str[$i]) * pow(2, $i * 8);
   }
   return
$int;
}

//Example
echo int2string(16705, 2); // 16-bit integer converts to two bytes: 65, 65; which in turn is 'AA'
echo string2int('AA'); //back the other way
?>
firefly2442 at hotmail dot com 29-Mar-2008 12:31
Here's a simple script for sending messages back and forth between a server and client.  At this point, the code is fairly rough because once it enters the while loop, it doesn't stop but it can be modified and fixed.  Enjoy.

<?php
//The Server
error_reporting(E_ALL);
$address = "127.0.0.1";
$port = "10000";
 

/* create a socket in the AF_INET family, using SOCK_STREAM for TCP connection */
$mysock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);

socket_bind($mysock, $address, $port);

socket_listen($mysock, 5);

$client = socket_accept($mysock);

echo
"Server started, accepting connections...\n";
 

$i = 0;
while (
true == true)
{
   
$i++;
    echo
"Sending $i to client.\n";
   
socket_write($client, $i, strlen($i));
   
   
$input = socket_read($client, 2048);
    echo
"Response from client is: $input\n";
   
sleep(5);
}

echo
"Closing sockets...";
socket_close($client);

socket_close($mysock);

?>

<?php
//The Client
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$address = "127.0.0.1";
$port = 10000;

/* Create a TCP/IP socket. */
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
if (
$socket === false) {
    echo
"socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror(socket_last_error()) . "\n";
} else {
    echo
"socket successfully created.\n";
}

echo
"Attempting to connect to '$address' on port '$port'...";
$result = socket_connect($socket, $address, $port);
if (
$result === false) {
    echo
"socket_connect() failed.\nReason: ($result) " . socket_strerror(socket_last_error($socket)) . "\n";
} else {
    echo
"successfully connected to $address.\n";
}

$i = 0;
while (
true == true)
{
   
$i++;
    echo
"Sending $i to server.\n";
   
socket_write($socket, $i, strlen($i));
   
   
$input = socket_read($socket, 2048);
    echo
"Response from server is: $input\n";
   
sleep(5);
}

echo
"Closing socket...";
socket_close($socket);
?>
david dot schueler at tel-billig dot de 16-Jan-2008 03:37
Another Workaround for sending UDP Broadcasts to 255.255.255.255 and receiving the responses on a specific port:
<?php
// NOTE!
// This is quick and dirty code! It comes without error handling!

// Timeout in seconds waiting for a response.
$timeout = 10;
$sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
socket_bind($sock,"0.0.0.0",10000);
socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, 1);
$buf = "Hello World";
socket_sendto($sock, $buf, strlen($buf), 0, "255.255.255.255", 10000);
socket_set_block($sock);
socket_set_option($sock,
                        
SOL_SOCKET,
                        
SO_RCVTIMEO,
                         array(
"sec"=>10,"usec"=>0));
$timeout += time();
while (
time() <= $timeout-1) {
 if ((
$len = @socket_recvfrom($sock,$ret,2048,0,$cIP,$cPort)) != false) {
  echo
bin2hex($ret);
 }
}
socket_set_nonblock($sock);
socket_close($sock);
?>
david dot schueler at tel-bilig dot de 14-Jan-2008 03:02
NOTE! If you are trying to send a broadcast-message using this code you _may_ get a "Permission denied"-Error at socket_connect, even if you are running this as root on a linux box.
<?php
$sock
= socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
socket_connect($sock,"255.255.255.255", 10000);
socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, 1);
$buf = "Hello World!";
socket_write($sock,$buf,strlen($buf));
socket_close($sock);
?>
The only workaround for this is to get the broadcast address of the interface and walk through all IPs with a for-loop.
nakarman at gmail dot com 10-Nov-2007 01:01
I have beaten the zombies with this code:
pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
pcntl_signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);

server now exits with `kill`
White-Gandalf 02-Sep-2007 12:03
At the moment (2007-09), i don't find this extension in the PECL, but instead in the usual php extension directory. It needs to be included in the php-ini:

extension = php_sockets.dll

(or ".so" - whatever for your system).
roberto at spadim dot com dot br 11-Feb-2007 10:27
Wake on Lan , working ok without configurations, and some features

<?php
function wake_on_lan($mac,$addr=false,$port=7) {
   
//Usage
    //    $addr:
    //    You will send and broadcast tho this addres.
    //    Normaly you need to use the 255.255.255.255 adres, so i made it as default. So you don't need
    //    to do anything with this.
    //    Since 255.255.255.255 have permission denied problems you can use addr=false to get all broadcast address from ifconfig command
    //    addr can be array with broadcast IP values
    //    $mac:
    //    You will WAKE-UP this WOL-enabled computer, you need to add the MAC-addres here.
    //    Mac can be array too   
    //
    //Return
    //    TRUE:    When socked was created succesvolly and the message has been send.
    //    FALSE:    Something went wrong
    //
    //Example 1
    //    When the message has been send you will see the message "Done...."
    //    if ( wake_on_lan('00:00:00:00:00:00'))
    //        echo 'Done...';
    //    else
    //        echo 'Error while sending';
    //
   
if ($addr===false){
       
exec("ifconfig | grep Bcast | cut -d \":\" -f 3 | cut -d \" \" -f 1",$addr);
       
$addr=array_flip(array_flip($addr));
    }
    if(
is_array($addr)){
       
$last_ret=false;
        for (
$i=0;$i<count($ret);$i++)
            if (
$ret[$i]!==false)
               
$last_ret=wake_on_lan($mac,$ret[$i],$port);
        return(
$last_ret);
    }
    if (
is_array($mac)){
       
$ret=array();
        foreach(
$mac as $k=>v)
           
$ret[$k]=wake_on_lan($v,$addr,$port);
        return(
$ret);
    }
   
//Check if it's an real MAC-addres and split it into an array
   
$mac=strtoupper($mac);
    if (!
preg_match("/([A-F0-9]{1,2}[-:]){5}[A-F0-9]{1,2}/",$mac,$maccheck))
        return
false;
   
$addr_byte = preg_split("/[-:]/",$maccheck[0]);
 
   
//Creating hardware adress
   
$hw_addr = '';
    for (
$a=0; $a < 6; $a++)//Changing mac adres from HEXEDECIMAL to DECIMAL
       
$hw_addr .= chr(hexdec($addr_byte[$a]));
   
   
//Create package data
   
$msg = str_repeat(chr(255),6);
    for (
$a = 1; $a <= 16; $a++)
       
$msg .= $hw_addr;
   
//Sending data
   
if (function_exists('socket_create')){
       
//socket_create exists
       
$sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);    //Can create the socket
       
if ($sock){
           
$sock_data = socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, 1); //Set
           
if ($sock_data){
               
$sock_data = socket_sendto($sock, $msg, strlen($msg), 0, $addr,$port); //Send data
               
if ($sock_data){
                   
socket_close($sock); //Close socket
                   
unset($sock);
                    return(
true);
                }
            }
        }
        @
socket_close($sock);
        unset(
$sock);
    }
   
$sock=fsockopen("udp://" . $addr, $port);
    if(
$sock){
       
$ret=fwrite($sock,$msg);
       
fclose($sock);
    }
    if(
$ret)
        return(
true);
    return(
false);   
}
?>
chabotc at xs4all dot nl 17-Dec-2006 01:01
For an implementation of a Socket Daemon framework that can handle both client and server sockets, async (non blocking) communication, which is flexible and easy to use see:

http://www.chabotc.nl/php/php-socket-daemon-library/
aeolianmeson at NOSPAM dot blitzeclipse dot com 30-May-2006 12:13
There is a fantastic book on this library called 'TCP/IP Sockets in C' (ISBN 1558608265), that covers all of the ins and outs, quirks, and everything else that goes on. It's written for C, of course, but it could have easily been written for PHP with almost no serious code differences.

Dustin
f.moisant 18-May-2006 05:41
This function to send Magic Packet works really !!!

/********/
<?php
function wake($ip, $mac, $port)
{
 
$nic = fsockopen("udp://" . $ip, $port);
  if(
$nic)
  {
   
$packet = "";
    for(
$i = 0; $i < 6; $i++)
      
$packet .= chr(0xFF);
    for(
$j = 0; $j < 16; $j++)
    {
      for(
$k = 0; $k < 6; $k++)
      {
       
$str = substr($mac, $k * 2, 2);
       
$dec = hexdec($str);
       
$packet .= chr($dec);
      }
    }
   
$ret = fwrite($nic, $packet);
   
fclose($nic);
    if(
$ret)
      return
true;
  }
  return
false;
}
?>

/********/

Executed with:
wake('123.123.123.123', '112233445566', 9);
goldemish at tiscali dot it 24-Apr-2006 06:52
Function to send Magic Packets for Wake on Wan (WOW) or Wake on Lan(WOL), without sockets library.

<?
function WakeOnLan($ip, $mac, $port)
{
       
$packet = "";
        for(
$i = 0; $i < 6; $i++) $packet .= chr(0xFF);
        for(
$i = 0; $i < 6; $i++) $packet .= chr((int)substr($mac, $i, $i + 2));
       
$nic = fsockopen("udp://" . $ip, $port));
        if(
$nic==false){
            return
false;
           
fclose($nic);
        }
       
fwrite($nic, $packet);
       
fclose($nic);
        return
true;
}
?>
arplynn at gmail dot com 21-Jan-2006 12:19
If you want to use any complicated preexisting protocols, you may find the function pack (http://php.net/pack) useful.
bmatheny at mobocracy dot net 16-Sep-2005 06:31
A multicast server can be written badly as follows:

$bc_string = "Hello World!";
$sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
$opt_ret = socket_set_option($sock, 1, 6, TRUE);
$send_ret = socket_sendto($sock, $bc_string, strlen($bc_string), 0, '230.0.0.1', 4446);

Checking the return types is needed, but this does allow for you to multicast from php code.
philip at birk-jensen dot dk 22-Aug-2005 06:22
I've been using the ICMP Checksum calculation function written by Khaless [at] bigpond [dot] com. But when having an odd length of data, it failed, so I made my own instead, which adds a 0 if the data length is odd:
<?php
function icmpChecksum($data)
{
   
// Add a 0 to the end of the data, if it's an "odd length"
   
if (strlen($data)%2)
       
$data .= "\x00";
   
   
// Let PHP do all the dirty work
   
$bit = unpack('n*', $data);
   
$sum = array_sum($bit);
   
   
// Stolen from: Khaless [at] bigpond [dot] com
    // The code from the original ping program:
    //    sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);    /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
    //    sum += (sum >> 16);            /* add carry */
    // which also works fine, but it seems to me that
    // Khaless will work on large data.
   
while ($sum>>16)
       
$sum = ($sum >> 16) + ($sum & 0xffff);
   
    return
pack('n*', ~$sum);
}
?>
m dot hoppe at hyperspeed dot de 02-Sep-2004 06:36
Very good step-by-step tutorial for a network daemon is here:
http://www.php-mag.net/itr/online_artikel [next]
[before] /psecom,id,484,nodeid,114.html

Sorry, I was forced to split this link. :-(
aidan at php dot net 18-Aug-2004 05:08
hexdump() is a fantastic function for "dumping" packets or binary output from servers. See the below link for more information.

http://aidanlister.com/repos/v/function.hexdump.php
Toppi at kacke dot de 18-Jun-2004 07:06
Here another socketclass which can handle the most importand things.
http://kacke.de/php_samples/source.php?f=socke.inc

Here a little Chatserver based on this class.
http://kacke.de/php_samples/source.php?f=pline.php

Maybe its helpful :)

Toppi
KnoB 11-Jun-2004 05:35
A little example that shows how to implement a simple multi-client iterative server (without forking). Launch the server and connect multiple telnet clients on it. It's a basic chat program.

#!/usr/bin/php -q
<?php
error_reporting
(E_ALL);

set_time_limit(0);
ob_implicit_flush();

$address = '127.0.0.1';
$port = 8888;

function
handle_client($allclient, $socket, $buf, $bytes) {
    foreach(
$allclient as $client) {
       
socket_write($client, "$socket wrote: $buf");
    }
}

if ((
$master = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP)) < 0) {
    echo
"socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror($master) . "\n";
}

socket_set_option($master, SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR, 1);

if ((
$ret = socket_bind($master, $address, $port)) < 0) {
    echo
"socket_bind() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror($ret) . "\n";
}

if ((
$ret = socket_listen($master, 5)) < 0) {
    echo
"socket_listen() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror($ret) . "\n";
}

$read_sockets = array($master);

while (
true) {
   
$changed_sockets = $read_sockets;
   
$num_changed_sockets = socket_select($changed_sockets, $write = NULL, $except = NULL, NULL);
    foreach(
$changed_sockets as $socket) {
        if (
$socket == $master) {
            if ((
$client = socket_accept($master)) < 0) {
                echo
"socket_accept() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror($msgsock) . "\n";
                continue;
            } else {
               
array_push($read_sockets, $client);
            }
        } else {
           
$bytes = socket_recv($socket, $buffer, 2048, 0);
            if (
$bytes == 0) {
               
$index = array_search($socket, $read_sockets);
                unset(
$read_sockets[$index]);
               
socket_close($socket);
            } else {
               
$allclients = $read_sockets;
               
array_shift($allclients);    // remove master
               
handle_client($allclients, $socket, $buffer, $bytes);
            }
        }
       
    }
}

?>
noSanity 17-May-2004 07:40
I have searched long and hard for a ping script that does NOT use EXEC() or SYSTEM(). So far, I have found nothing, so I decided to write my own, which was a task to say the least.

First off, I would like to thank Khaless for their checksum function, converting it from C looked like a task in itself.

Here is the class I wrote
<?php

class Net_Ping
{
  var
$icmp_socket;
  var
$request;
  var
$request_len;
  var
$reply;
  var
$errstr;
  var
$time;
  var
$timer_start_time;
  function
Net_Ping()
  {
   
$this->icmp_socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, 1);
   
socket_set_block($this->icmp_socket);
  }
 
  function
ip_checksum($data)
  {
     for(
$i=0;$i<strlen($data);$i += 2)
     {
         if(
$data[$i+1]) $bits = unpack('n*',$data[$i].$data[$i+1]);
         else
$bits = unpack('C*',$data[$i]);
        
$sum += $bits[1];
     }
    
     while (
$sum>>16) $sum = ($sum & 0xffff) + ($sum >> 16);
    
$checksum = pack('n1',~$sum);
     return
$checksum;
  }

  function
start_time()
  {
   
$this->timer_start_time = microtime();
  }
 
  function
get_time($acc=2)
  {
   
// format start time
   
$start_time = explode (" ", $this->timer_start_time);
   
$start_time = $start_time[1] + $start_time[0];
   
// get and format end time
   
$end_time = explode (" ", microtime());
   
$end_time = $end_time[1] + $end_time[0];
    return
number_format ($end_time - $start_time, $acc);
  }

  function
Build_Packet()
  {
   
$data = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi"; // the actual test data
   
$type = "\x08"; // 8 echo message; 0 echo reply message
   
$code = "\x00"; // always 0 for this program
   
$chksm = "\x00\x00"; // generate checksum for icmp request
   
$id = "\x00\x00"; // we will have to work with this later
   
$sqn = "\x00\x00"; // we will have to work with this later

    // now we need to change the checksum to the real checksum
   
$chksm = $this->ip_checksum($type.$code.$chksm.$id.$sqn.$data);

   
// now lets build the actual icmp packet
   
$this->request = $type.$code.$chksm.$id.$sqn.$data;
   
$this->request_len = strlen($this->request);
  }
 
  function
Ping($dst_addr,$timeout=5,$percision=3)
  {
   
// lets catch dumb people
   
if ((int)$timeout <= 0) $timeout=5;
    if ((int)
$percision <= 0) $percision=3;
   
   
// set the timeout
   
socket_set_option($this->icmp_socket,
     
SOL_SOCKET// socket level
     
SO_RCVTIMEO, // timeout option
     
array(
      
"sec"=>$timeout, // Timeout in seconds
      
"usec"=>// I assume timeout in microseconds
      
)
      );

    if (
$dst_addr)
    {
      if (@
socket_connect($this->icmp_socket, $dst_addr, NULL))
      {
     
      } else {
       
$this->errstr = "Cannot connect to $dst_addr";
        return
FALSE;
      }
     
$this->Build_Packet();
     
$this->start_time();
     
socket_write($this->icmp_socket, $this->request, $this->request_len);
      if (@
socket_recv($this->icmp_socket, &$this->reply, 256, 0))
      {
       
$this->time = $this->get_time($percision);
        return
$this->time;
      } else {
       
$this->errstr = "Timed out";
        return
FALSE;
      }
    } else {
     
$this->errstr = "Destination address not specified";
      return
FALSE;
    }
  }
}

$ping = new Net_Ping;
$ping->ping("www.google.ca");

if (
$ping->time)
  echo
"Time: ".$ping->time;
else
  echo
$ping->errstr;

?>

Hope this saves some troubles.

noSanity
Khaless [at] bigpond [dot] com 18-Jan-2004 09:55
I spent a while trying to use SOCK_RAW to send ICMP request packets so i could ping. This however lead me to need the internet checksum written as a php function, which was a little hard because of the way PHP handles variable types. Anyway, to save others the effort heres what i came up with, this returns Checksum for $data

<?PHP
// Computes Internet Checksum for $data
// will return a 16-bit internet checksum for $data
function inetChecksum($data)
{
   
// 32-bit accumilator, 16 bits at a time, adds odd bit on at end
   
for($i=0;$i<strlen($data);$i += 2)
    {
        if(
$data[$i+1]) $bits = unpack('n*',$data[$i].$data[$i+1]);
        else
$bits = unpack('C*',$data[$i]);
       
$sum += $bits[1];
    }
   
   
// Fold 32-bit sum to 16 bits
   
while ($sum>>16) $sum = ($sum & 0xffff) + ($sum >> 16);
   
$checksum = pack('n1',~$sum);
    return
$checksum;
}
?>

And with this i was able to construct a correct PING Request.
murzik [at] pisem dot net 06-Oct-2003 04:32
>The function, that send the WakeOnLan (WOL, Magic packet) signal:

<?php
# Wake on LAN - (c) HotKey (at SPR dot AT), upgraded by Murzik <tomurzik@inbox.ru>

flush();

function
WakeOnLan($addr, $mac)
{
 
$addr_byte = explode(':', $mac);
 
$hw_addr = '';

 for (
$a=0; $a < 6; $a++) $hw_addr .= chr(hexdec($addr_byte[$a]));

 
$msg = chr(255).chr(255).chr(255).chr(255).chr(255).chr(255);

 for (
$a = 1; $a <= 16; $a++)    $msg .= $hw_addr;

 
// send it to the broadcast address using UDP
 // SQL_BROADCAST option isn't help!!
 
$s = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
 if (
$s == false)
 {
  echo
"Error creating socket!\n";
  echo
"Error code is '".socket_last_error($s)."' - " . socket_strerror(socket_last_error($s));
 }
 else
 {
 
// setting a broadcast option to socket:
 
$opt_ret socket_set_option($s, 1, 6, TRUE);
  if(
$opt_ret < 0)
  {
   echo
"setsockopt() failed, error: " . strerror($opt_ret) . "\n";
  }
 
$e = socket_sendto($s, $msg, strlen($msg), 0, $addr, 2050);
 
socket_close($s);
  echo
"Magic Packet sent (".$e.") to ".$addr.", MAC=".$mac;
 }
}

#WakeOnLan('yourIPorDomain.dyndns.org', 'your:MAC:address');
#WakeOnLan('192.168.0.2', '00:30:84:2A:90:42');
#WakeOnLan('192.168.1.2', '00:05:1C:10:04:05');

//if you have switch or other routing devices in LAN, sendign to
// the local IP isn't helps! you need send to the broadcast address like this:
WakeOnLan('192.168.1.255', '00:05:1C:10:04:05');

?>
talmage at usi-rpg dot com 04-Jan-2003 12:02
I have spent the past two days ripping out hair trying to figure out how to prevent zombie processes w/the examples above and I just happend to find this in the manual for another lanuage, felt it neccassry to port it here.

--begin copy--
van[at]webfreshener[dot]com
11-Oct-2002 02:53
 
Forking your PHP daemon will cause it to zombie on exit.

...or so I've seen on:
FreeBSD (PHP4.2.x)
Debian (PHP4.3.0-dev)
Darwin (PHP4.3.0-dev)

This was tested with the example code above and other scripts created for evaluation.

Seems adding <b>--enable-sigchild</b> to your configure will get rid of the problem.

Hope that saves some hair tearing :]

--end copy--

Thanks vam@wenfreshener.com !!!!
saryon at unfix dot org 09-Jul-2002 09:42
I found this EXTREMELY useful link on the zend php
mailing list:

http://www.zend.com/lists/php-dev/200205/msg00286.html

It's about being able to use multiple connections
in a php socket server, WITHOUT having
to use those threads everyone seems to be
so very fond of.
works very well :)
(ps: i didn't make it, so....don't say thanks to me ;),
thank him)
daniel[at]lorch.cc 22-Feb-2002 09:32
"Beej's Guide to Network Programming" is an absolutely excellent and easy to understand tutorial to socket programming. It was written for C developers, but as the socket functions in PHP are (almost) analoguous, this should not be a problem.

http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~beej/guide/net/
davem at olsusa dot com 17-Feb-2002 06:27
Below is a simple forked daemon I wrote in PHP. I haven't seen one yet anywhere else, so I thought some people might be wondering how to do  it. Execute
with php -q <file>

<?PHP

/*

    PHP forked daemon
    Standalone PHP binary must be compiled with --enable-sockets and --enable-pcntl
    Dave M. -2002
        Online Services USA
*/

function sig_handler($signo) {

     switch(
$signo) {
         case
SIGTERM:
            
// handle shutdown tasks
            
exit;
             break;
         case
SIGHUP:
            
// handle restart tasks
            
break;
         case
SIGUSR1:
             print
"Caught SIGUSR1...\n";
             break;
         case
SIGCHLD:
             while(
pcntl_waitpid(-1,$status,WNOHANG)>0 ) {
             }
             break;
         case
SIGINT:
        exit;
         default:
            
// not implemented yet...
            
break;
     }

}

function
interact($sock) {

   
// Custom code goes here... e.g: socket_read() socket_write()...

}

function
become_daemon() {

   
$child = pcntl_fork();
    if(
$child) {
        exit;
// kill parent
   
}
   
posix_setsid(); // become session leader
   
chdir("/");
   
umask(0); // clear umask
   
return posix_getpid();

}

function
open_pid_file($file) {

    if(
file_exists($file)) {
       
$fp = fopen($file,"r");
       
$pid = fgets($fp,1024);
       
fclose($fp);
        if(
posix_kill($pid,0)) {
            print
"Server already running with PID: $pid\n";
            exit;
        }
        print
"Removing PID file for defunct server process $pid\n";
        if(!
unlink($file)) {
            print
"Cannot unlink PID file $file\n";
            exit;
        }
    }
    if(
$fp = fopen($file,"w")) {
        return
$fp;
    } else {
        print
"Unable to open PID file $file for writing...\n";
        exit;
    }
}

function
change_identity($uid,$gid) {
    global
$pid_file;
    if(!
posix_setgid($gid)) {
        print
"Unable to setgid to $gid!\n";
       
unlink($pid_file);
        exit;
    }   
    if(!
posix_setuid($uid)) {
        print
"Unable to setuid to $uid!\n";
       
unlink($pid_file);
        exit;
    }
   
   
}

error_reporting (4);

set_time_limit (0);

ob_implicit_flush ();

$pid_file = '/tmp/php_daemon.pid';

$underpriv_uid = '99'; // uid 99 == user nobody, at least on my system.
$underpriv_gid = '99';

$port = 10000;
$address = 0; // 0 binds to all addresses, may not work on fbsd

$quit = 0;

pcntl_signal(SIGCHLD, "sig_handler");
pcntl_signal(SIGTERM, "sig_handler");
pcntl_signal(SIGINT, "sig_handler");

$fh = open_pid_file($pid_file);

if ((
$sock = socket_create (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
    print
"socket_create() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($sock) . "\n";
}

if ((
$ret = socket_bind ($sock, $address, $port)) < 0) {
    print
"socket_bind() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
}

if ((
$ret = socket_listen ($sock, 0)) < 0) {
    print
"socket_listen() failed: reason: " . socket_strerror ($ret) . "\n";
}

change_identity($underpriv_uid,$underpriv_gid);

print
"Server ready. Waiting for connections.....\n";

$pid = become_daemon();
fputs($fh,$pid);
fclose($fh);

while(!
$quit) {

    if ((
$connection = socket_accept($sock)) < 0) {
       
next;
    }
   
    if( (
$child = pcntl_fork()) == -1 ) {
        print 
"Could not fork!!\n";
        print
"Dying...\n";
       
$quit++;
    }
    elseif(
$child == 0) {
       
socket_close($sock);
       
interact($connection);
        exit;
    }
   
   
socket_close($connection);
   
}

if(
posix_getpid() == $pid) {
   
unlink($pid_file);
}
judeman at yahoo dot com 04-Jun-2001 10:49
After several hours of working with sockets in an attempt to do UDP broadcasting, I thought a little help was in order for anyone else looking to do something similar, since it uses a number of those "undocumented" functions.  Here's how I did it:

<?php
   
// here is a basic opening of the a socket.  AF_INET specifies the internet domain.  SOCK_DGRAM
// specifies the Datagram socket type the 0 specifies that I want to use the default protcol (which in this
// case is UDP)
   
$sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

   
// if the file handle assigned to socket is less than 0 then opening the socket failed
   
if($sock < 0)
    {
        echo
"socket() failed, error: " . strerror($sock) . "\n";
    }

   
// here's where I set the socket options, this is essential to allow broadcasting.  An earlier comment (as of
// June 4th, 2001) explains what the parameters are.  For my purposes (UDP broadcasting) I need to set
// the broadcast option at the socket level to true.  In C, this done using SOL_SOCKET as the level param
// (2) and SO_BROADCAST as the type param (3).  These may exist in PHP but I couldn't reference them 
// so I used the values that referencing these variables in C returns (namely 1 and 6 respectively).  This
// function is basically just a wrapper to the C  function so check out the C documentation for more info
   
$opt_ret = setsockopt($sock, 1, 6, TRUE);

   
// if the return value is less than one, an error occured setting the options
   
if($opt_ret < 0)
    {
        echo
"setsockopt() failed, error: " . strerror($opt_ret) . "\n";
    }

   
// finally I am ready to broad cast something.  The sendto function allows this without any
// connections (essential for broadcasting).  So, this function sends the contents of $broadcast_string to the
// general broadcast address (255.255.255.255) on port 4096.  The 0 (param 4) specifies no special
// options, you can read about the options with man sendto
   
$send_ret = sendto($sock, $broadcast_string, strlen($broadcast_string), 0, '255.255.255.255', 4096);

// if the return value is less than 0, an error has occured
   
if($send_ret < 0)
    {
    echo
"sendto() failed, error: " . strerror($send_ret) . "<BR>\n";            }
// be sure to close your socket when you're done
close($sock);

 
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